The following, is a partial review and commentary on a book yet to be published, called 'Six Legged Soldiers' by Jeffrey Alan Lockwood. It is about U.S. and Canadian biological warfare during the Korean War. You can access more information about the book at the address in the heading.
I focus mostly on references to Springtails, because it is this primordial hexapod that has continued to wreak destruction on humans and animals to this day. Also. Springtails (Collembola) are the only weapon, denied by various self proclaimed experts.
A scientist named Lubbock, gave the name 'Collembola' to 'springtails', in 1873. The word 'Collembola" is from Latin and means "sticks to the body on which it stands". And it has been living up to its name, as some 100,000-1,000,000 people, and the odd talking horse can attest.
An adult Springtail is usually about 2 mm in length, and can have up to 40 'instar' stages. There is no larval stage (unless you want to count the egg as larval). Try to imagine how small a stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, would be, if it has to grow and molt 40 times to reach 2mm (1/8th inch). It would most certainly be invisible to our eyes, and also difficult to see in a tangle of skin scrappings.
But some talented doctors and scientists have managed to see them in skin samples. If truth be known, some very EVIL doctors and scientists, have also seen them, but choose to deny it or just not mention anything.
Each instar stage follows molting of the exoskeleton (shell). And each instar stage (including stage 1), looks exactly like the next (and previous), except that the creature gets bigger each molt. Springtails have probably been known about for millenia, but I doubt that people knew about the stages (because the first 5-10 stages are invisible to the naked eye, and not much better to the naked magnifying glass).
During the nineties, the National Pediculosis Association (NPA), an organization dedicated to finding safe effective cures for arthropod parasites of humans (headlice, scabies, body lice, etc), found that they had a great number of reports of infestations that did not fit any of the creatures that they knew of. It was reported to the CDC to no avail.
So in the early 2000's, the NPA, in cooperation with the Oklahoma State Health Board, undertook to investigate the phenomenon. The 'Oklahoma Study' was conducted in Oklahoma (what a coincidence) , with 20 subjects investigated. Using 'Image Contrasting' a pattern emerged, wherein a shape was appearing in photographs of skin scrapings.
(skin scrapings: a technique which every dermatologist has to know, but which not ONE dermie used on the victims)
The shape was identified by qualified entomologists, as Springtails (Collembola). The shapes were found in 18/20 subjects. The Oklahoma Study was 'peer reviewed' and published in a respected Journal. For more information see
http://www.headlice.org/report/research/index.html
In the late 90' a couple of professors from York University (Toronto) published a book named
"Biological Warfare in the 1940's and 1950's"
They wrote about many insect, and microbe vectors, used by many countries (including the U.S.A. and Canada especially), but the only reference that they were taken to task for was a 'Hexapod', named Collembola. It was mentioned in only TWO paragraphs of the whole book.
Denials and denunciations came fast and furiously, and the whole affair was written up in JAMA (Journal of American Medical Associations. You can check it out at
http://www.korean-war.com/Archives/2001/10//msg00082.html
Please note that the article refers to 'trombiculoid mites'. These are otherwise known as Chiggers, which are known to parasitize humans and large animals (horses especially)
Information about doctors' reports on finding Springtail infections in people can be found at
Collembola References http://collembolareferences.blogspot.com/
The most recent credible report on collembola infection (involving a cat and its owner) can be found athttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22049948
There have been a number of claims that the Collembola (as a infective pathogen), has been disproven. The only statements I have seen are as follows;
1st babble: Collembola have no biting mouth parts: Tell that to Himalayan Amphibians . Dasgupta and Dasgupta found that Springtails caused skin lesions in Amphibians (frogs and Salamanders)
Dasgupta R, Dasgupta B. 1990. Collembolan insects as potential parasites. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84:438
There have also been reports from Australia, of Springtails infecting animals, but all the reports seem to have disappeared, along with the reporters.
Also, the 'infected cat' study above states that Springtails are known to cause lesions in the hide of horses. Many other sources cite the same information So how did the Springtails do it? Did they call in Gulf Oil to drill for them.?
Second dribble:, Collembola are not known parasites of Humans. Well, in the late 1970's, HIV-Aids was not known (period), let alone a known pathogen of Humans. Now Everybody has it.
Third spewance: The NPA study was poor science. Totally NOT true, and I challenge the people who say this to give details (which of course will be lies). I challenge any one of you to a public debate, or 3 rounds in an Octagon. The word Science means knowledge, and there is no such thing as poor knowledge. The NPA study needed to be followed up on, in an unbiased manner. Instead we got an unsolicited report from the Mayo Clinic, written up on lunchroom napkins, and a totally biased report from the CDC, neither of which took, nor looked at skin scrapings.
So the rebuttal of the NPA Oklahoma Study......THE REBUTTAL is delusional !!!!!!!!!!!!
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The following text is meant to be a revue and commentary on a book not yet published, along with my comments based on my knowledge of the situation. ALL the red font comprises my comments. The black font is made up of phrases from the book starting at the chapter entitled............
Korea's Hailstorm of Hexapods
The case presented by the North Koreans and Chinese in 1952 provides either irrefutable evidence that the United States engaged in the most comprehensive and systematic program of entomological warfare in modern times.................bought and paid for by the US military, by pardoning the director of Japan's biological warfare department, Mr. Ishii, by far the worst Class A war criminal in the Japan war crimes trials.
While McArthur did pardo Shiro Ishii for his crimes...........Look it up under 'Ishii war crimes pardon'.
The nations of the world were bloodied and exhausted at the Second World War, and neither the capitalists nor the communists were particularly anxious to start another shooting war.......................so why don't we take a look at Mr's Ishii's bugs. After all, they screwed up tens of thousands of Chinese, with 'rotten leg disease. And while you're at it, give George Merck a call.
Rotten Leg Disease is a bit of a misnomer. Victims got sores on any parts of their bodies, from their faces to their feet. However, since the bugs were air-dropped into calf deep rice paddies, for the most part, the wounds were more serious on the legs. For pictures see "rotten leg disease" or http://www.sunshine-project.org/pingfan/pf10.html
The United Nations appointed a commission to oversee the affairs of Korea, a political tinderbox. The U.N. Commission was dominated by the United States, and therefore lacked credibility in the eyes of the communists...............Plus it was right in the middle of the McCarthy witch hunts. Anyone who he did not like, he would ruin by calling them before the committee. So it goes without saying that the U.N. and the media, out of fear of MCarthy, would completely ignore the 'godless' communists.
Mao Zedong was leading the Communist Party to control of China. The nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek was exiled to Taiwan, leaving the United States with a single beachhead on the Asian continent, Korea.............................................so they manufactured chiggers from collembola, to drop on North Korea, without considering the consequences of letting this Frankenbug loose on the world (which IS round....... what goes around comes around.)
there is little doubt that western nations were laying the groundwork for entomological warfare in the years leading up to the Korean War. Oh really! How did anyone know that those years (1947-1950), were lead in years to a war......unless the West planned it !
The 406 Medical General Laboratory...........became the linchpin for development of insect vectors. It was subject to 'mission creep'............Dr' Jekyll to Mr. Hyde........To much here !! Isn't the 406 the same laboratory that 'assisted the CDC recently?..And linchpin ......what Mr. Ishii needed on the gallows he avoided. Finally 'mission creep'.....a nickname for Merck ???
....encephalitis, the disease that planted an evil seed in the fertile mind of the young Ishii Shiro in 1924. And the seed grew well, being as how Ishii had manure for brains !!!
Japanese scientists assisted the U.S. military during an outbreak of an arthropod-borne Disease in Korea. Gee that was nice of the Japanese, being as how they likely caused the outbreak.
BTW, Springtails are the most populous hexapods in the world.
Preparing for entomological warfare with the communists would require putting the nation's best minds and finest facilities into thev effort. More important than looking after disabled war veterans. or giving equal rights to black veterans.
Nor was the United States the only western nation interested in conscripting insects to defeat thecommunist menace; the Canadians were every bit as aggressive in their pursuit of the perfect entomological weapon. Odd !! Why would a Stanley Cup team be interested in bugs?Dr. G. B. Reed of Queen's University (somewhere in that frozen wasteland) made a breakthru when he discovered that bugs like rotten salmon laced with various pathogens. He made a bomb containing flies and the infected salmon. (a fetid bomb...sounds like a vicious movie revue of 'Sargent York of the Mounted' and talk about hi-tech.....a bomb that would otherwise be cleaned up by alley cats and racoons. Who was the advisor to Dr. Reed, Wiley Coyote ???)
The phoenix of biological warfare began its rise from the asheson June 30, 1950. The Korean War began on June 25 1950 North Korean and Soviet troops crossed the 38th parallel and advanced on Seoul. America joined in as well as Canada. (what a chance to try out their new toys)
Who could order the useof these (biological) weapons and under what conditions remained equivocal This ambiguity may have been designed to allow American leaders to plausibly deny responsibility for biological warfare. (and man oh man, have they ever been using that loophole, for 60 years and counting)
Stay tuned for the next episode.............................
